Definition of the city:

Verily, Kufah is the second city in Islam after Islamic conquer, likewise it is a skull of the Arabs, Almighty Allah’s javelin, hoard of the faith, Moslems immigration House, capital town of the Commander of Faithful Imam Ali (peace be upon him). The city also contains his Shias, Lovers and companions, as it is also a brilliant center of science and Islamic civilization.

The Location of the city:

The city locates at the right shore of the middle river of Furat (An Old Indian River) which situates at eastern part of Najaf with almost 10 kilometers; it is far from the western part of Baghdad with 156 kilometers.

The city is high upon the sea level with almost 22 meters. It has a border from north side with Al-Kifl region (Babul Province), from the eastern part with As-Siniya and As-Salahiyah region (Ad-Diwaniyah Province), from the western part with Kariyi Sa’ad, from the south with constituency of Abi Sukhair and Al-Hira province.

Founding of the city:

Kufah was found in order to be immigration house and Moslems capital town instead of other towns which were found by Sa’d bun Abi Waqqas in year 17 A.H. 638 A.D. after his was commanded by Umar bun Al-Khattab. This was done after it has been proved to him to be true that environment of the cities effected in health of Arab soldiers, then Umar wrote to Sa’ad that, indeed Arabs do not agree with something except it is agreed by their fool. Then he commanded his leaders to occupy a place which is not separated from the city by sea nor obstacle. He then appointed Abul Hiyaj Amr bun Malik Al-Asadi to take on the planing. In fact, a man who guided Sa’ad to that city is a man called (Abdul Masih bun Baqilah al-Ghassani) and the city was known as (Suristan) and (Khuz Al-Azra’a). So when Arabs settled in that city it was named as Kufah. Verily, the word Kufah is derived from (At-Takawuf) means (gathering), it was named as (Kufaani) as well, which means (a circled place by sand). Therefore, any land which contains pebbles, clay and sand is called (Kufah). The city is named as (Kufaan) which means (misfortune and evil), or (between jungle cane and wood). It was also named as Kufatul Jund (because it was founded in order to be a military base for their gathering). But whatever the case may be the named is Arabic name, even though some said it an Sirianic name.

The construction and expansion of city:

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